urological examinations —
Prostate biopsy
The prostate is an exocrine gland that is located below the bladder and surrounds the male urethra. Comparable in size to a chestnut and weighing around 10 to 20 grams, it contains both glandular and muscle tissue. Its main function is to produce most of the seminal fluid and numerous enzymes. The sperm that come from the testicles are mixed with the seminal fluid and activated here.
A prostate biopsy, also known as a prostate punch biopsy, is required for an accurate diagnosis if prostate cancer is suspected clinically or the results of screening tests are abnormal. Prostate cancer rarely causes symptoms in the early stages, so early detection is crucial for the chances of recovery. Abnormal findings that may justify a biopsy are palpable nodules in the prostate or an elevated PSA level (prostate-specific antigen). However, an elevated PSA level can also be present with benign enlargement or inflammation of the prostate.
A prostate biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are taken from the prostate in order to examine them microscopically for pathological changes. It is often performed via the anus: a sterile, local anesthetic and disinfectant lubricant gel, such as Instillagel®. Is applied to the mucous membrane.
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is used to precisely position the puncture needle, which usually takes 10 to 12 small cylindrical samples from the prostate. These samples allow precise assessment of the prostate tissue to determine the presence and extent of possible prostate cancer. The procedure is usually hardly painful at all and an antibiotic is often prescribed to prevent infection.
Circulatory disorders can occur immediately during or after the prostate biopsy, but can usually be quickly controlled by elevating the legs and drinking fluids. A doctor should be contacted immediately in the event of severe bleeding, fever above 38.0°C, difficulty urinating or pain in the testicles.
The biopsies are examined microscopically by a pathologist. If the result is positive, the type and malignancy of the changes can be determined. Negative biopsy results mean either the absence of cancer or inadequate tissue sampling. If suspicion persists, such as palpable lumps or an elevated PSA level, a repeat biopsy may be necessary. The attending physician will explain the results and discuss the next steps.
Summary
Prostate biopsy is an essential diagnostic procedure for investigating suspected prostate cancer. Through the targeted removal of tissue samples, it enables precise assessment of the prostate tissue and helps to determine the correct treatment strategy. Patients should take it easy after the procedure and seek medical advice immediately in the event of complications.