Transrectal ultrasound
(TRUS)
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is an essential imaging method in urology that provides precise information about the prostate and seminal vesicles. This examination is particularly important for patients with an enlarged prostate, suspicious palpation findings or an elevated PSA level (prostate-specific antigen) in the blood.
The TRUS examination is mainly used to assess the prostate and seminal vesicles more precisely. It enables the dimensions, shape and structure of these organs to be visualized in detail. Another aim is to guide the removal of tissue from the prostate (prostate punch biopsy) in order to specifically examine suspicious areas and make a precise diagnosis. If prostate cancer is present, TRUS can be used to ascertain the tumor stage before surgery. This determines whether the tumor has extended beyond the prostate capsule or has grown into the seminal vesicles. Transrectal ultrasound can also be used to detect a build-up of secretions, calcifications in the prostate and thickening of the walls of the seminal vesicles.
TRUS is a special form of endosonography in which an ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum via the anus. This method provides accurate images of the prostate and seminal vesicles, as the ultrasound is attenuated by only a small amount of tissue. This allows changes and abnormalities to be recognised effectively.
The examination is performed in the lateral or lithotomy position. Special bowel preparation is not usually necessary, but the rectum should be emptied. Before the examination, a local anesthetic, sterile and disinfectant lubricant, such as Instillagel®, is applied to the anus and rectum. After an exposure time of 5 to 10 minutes, the ultrasound probe, which is about the size of a finger, is inserted into the rectum. The doctor moves the probe slightly to visualize the areas to be examined, which become visible on a monitor. Photographic documentation of the monitor images during the examination can be made. The examination is painless and only takes a few minutes.
Summary
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is a valuable diagnostic method in urology that provides precise images of the prostate and seminal vesicles. This examination is crucial for the assessment and treatment of prostate changes and enables targeted biopsy of suspicious areas. Thanks to precise imaging, specific therapeutic approaches can be developed that are tailored to the individual needs of patients.